Essay about The Ebola Virus - 2798 Words

You have to admire its simplicity. Its one billionth our size and its beating us. - - Spoken by Colonel Sam Daniels, a character in the fictional movie about Ebola, Outbreak. The Ebola virus is the most feared virus of our time. What exactly is Ebola? Ebola is a viral hemorrhagic fever actually named after the River Ebola in Zaire, Africa, where it was first discovered. It belongs to a genus of ribonucleic viruses called filoviruses, under the family Filofiridae, which are characterized by their filament-like (thread-like) appearance with a little hook or loop at the end. Only five viruses exist in this family: the not-as-deadly Marburg, and the four Ebola strains: Ebola Zaire, Ebola Sudan, Ebola Tai and Ebola Reston. The latter†¦show more content†¦(Tables I and II) The viruses in this family range from 800 to 1000 nanometers in length. Marburg and Ebola are distinguished by their length after purification. Infectivity depends on particular lengths: the longer, the more infectious. All Ebola viruses measure up to about the same length. Each virus particle consists of a helical-coiled tube made of four virally encoded proteins. This strand of RNA is found in an envelope formed from the hosts plasma cell membrane, which is now spiked with another carbohydrate-coated viral protein. Differences in gene sequence and very small differences in serological nature are what make each Ebola virus unique from each other, with its own antigenic and biological properties. The time needed for Ebola virus replication in infected body cells takes less than eight hours. Hundreds to thousands of new viral particles can be produced and released from the host cell within days or even hours before the host cell dies. This replication process is repeated several times in an Ebola patient before symptoms begin to show. The diagnosis of Ebola is made by the detection of Ebola antibodies, antigens or genetic material, or by the culture of the virus, in blood or other bodily fluid specimens that are examined in specialized laboratory tests. Such tests present a very extreme biohazard, so they are conducted in special high-containment laboratories to ensure maximum protection for scientists.Show MoreRelatedEbola Virus ( Virus )1231 Words   |  5 PagesEbola was named for a small river near Maridi, Sudan. Since Ebola first appeared in 1967 there have been over 100 cases of Ebola with more than 50% of the patients dying within days of their acute symptoms. Ebola is classified as a biosafety level four agent because of its extreme pathogenicity and the lack of a vaccine or antiviral drug. Ebola virus (Zaire ebolavirus); Sudan virus (Sudan ebolavirus); Taà ¯ Forest virus (Taà ¯ Forest ebolavirus, formerly Cà ´te d’Ivoire ebolavirus); and Bundibugyo virusRead MoreThe Ebola Virus1631 Words   |à ‚  7 PagesThe Ebola Virus A virus is an ultramicroscopic infectious organism that, having no independent metabolic activity, can replicate only within a cell of another host organism. A virus consists of a core of nucleic acid, either RNA or DNA, surrounded by a coating of antigenic protein and sometimes a lipid layer surrounds it as well. The virus provides the genetic code for replication, and the host cell provides the necessary energy and raw materials. There are more than 200 viruses thatRead MoreEbola Virus : A Virus1009 Words   |  5 PagesBiology 101, MWF 10am Ebola Paper Ebola Virus Over the past couple years, discussion regarding the Ebola virus has gone viral and ignited chaos both domestically and abroad. Ebola is a virus that was discovered back in 1976, but has not failed to grab people’s attention in the recent years (1). It is a very fatal virus that targets the liver and blood vessel lining (10). When Ebola goes untreated it can lead to fatalities or worse off, deaths. There are 5 virus species of Ebola that are linked withRead MoreEbola Outbreak Of Ebola Virus1343 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish 1301 November 23, 2014 Ebola Discovered in 1976 near the Ebola River, Ebola’s first two outbreaks in Sudan and Zaire killed the majority, over half, of the people infected with the disease. Although the natural host reservoir of Ebola has yet to be found, the virus is believed to be animal-borne. A person gets Ebola from a wild animal and then is spread throughout the human population through person-to-person transmission. Healthcare workers providing aide for Ebola victims know that they haveRead MoreEbola Outbreak Of Ebola Virus988 Words   |  4 Pages Ebola is a virus that was discovered in 1976, but has not failed to grab people’s attention because of recent outbreaks (1). It is often a fatal viral infection that targets the liver and blood vessel lining (10). When Ebola goes untreated it can lead to fatalities. There are 5 viral species of Ebola that are linked with infecting not only humans, but also animals (2). Many animals, such as African chimps, monkeys and other primates, are suspected of being the primary source of the Ebola virusRead MoreEbola Virus1830 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Ebola Virus Ebola virus (EBOV) is considered to be one of the most belligerent contagious agents and has an ability to cause highly fatal hemorrhagic fever syndrome that results in human and non-human primate’s death (NHPs) during the days of exposure. The first notification of the virus was mentioned in the Ebola River valley in Zaire for the time of an outburst in 1976. Moreover, the outbursts have appeared in Africa over the following 27 years, with death rates that differ from 50 to 90%.Read MoreThe Epidemic Of Ebola Virus Ebola1814 Words   |  8 PagesThe virus Ebola, or formally known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever, is something most, if not all, Americans have heard of in these past few months since it has taken American media by storm. Ebola is a severe, often fatal illness, with an astonishingly high case fatality rate. It is considered one of the world’s most virulent diseases and is transmitted by direct contact with the blood, body fluids and tissues of infected animals or people (Ebola Virus Disease). This, however, is not the only aspectRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Ebola Virus Ebola1943 Words   |  8 PagesThe virus Ebola, or formally known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is something most, if not all, Americans have heard of in these past few months since it has taken American media by storm. Ebola is a severe, often fatal illness, with an astonishingly high case fatality rate. It is considered one of the world’s most virulent diseases and is transmitted by direct contact with the blood, body fluids and tissues of infected animals or people (Ebola Virus Disease). This, however, is not the only aspectRead MoreThe Ebola Virus Essay1208 Words   |  5 Pages In the year 1976, Ebola climbed out of its unknown hiding place, and caused the death of 340 people. Fear gripped the victims faces, and uncertainty tortured their minds. The people of Zaire waited outside clinics, churches and in their homes for a treatment of the horrible disease, but ther e was no cure. They were forced to watch people die, hoping that they would be saved from the violent death of the Ebola virus. From the year of 1976 to the present date of 1996, researchers have searched forRead MoreTracking the Ebola Virus733 Words   |  3 Pages These past years I spent my time tracking the virus of Ebola as well as its various strains all over the world. At first I didn’t know of the disease, only of the mysterious deaths. I had heard a rumor of a man by the name of Monet who had become mysteriously sick with a disease that none have seen. This information led me to Nairobi, Kenya where the man was supposed to be. When I arrived at Nairobi Hospital I didn’t encounter the man of my search. I questioned a nurse, who asked not to be named

Jack Johnson †“Sleep Through the Static” free essay sample

Last February, the beloved Hawaii-born Jack Johnson released his fourth brilliant  ­album. The artist has come a long way since his first CD, â€Å"Brushfire Fairytales† (2001), and has showed the world his maturity in his latest album, â€Å"Sleep Through the Static.† Keeping his peaceful, relaxing rhythms and tones, he is the same old Jack we know and love. However, in this album, he has strayed from goofy lyrics, like those in  ­Ã¢â‚¬Å"Banana Pancakes,† and  ­matured, taking a deeper outlook on life and love. This album’s first single, â€Å"If I Had Eyes,† has not only a catchy beat but also relatable lyrics about a failed relationship. From there, Johnson demonstrates his ability to jump from upbeat tempos to soft ballads. As the album progresses, the soothing tones remain and the listener experiences relaxing, beach-friendly beats. The CD also features two touching songs: â€Å"Angel,† for his wife, and â€Å"Go On,† about watching his children grow up. We will write a custom essay sample on Jack Johnson – â€Å"Sleep Through the Static† or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Other tracks featuring Johnson’s opinions on love and the struggles of life inspire us to sing along and agree. By making a few changes and creating a certain uniqueness, Johnson has set a chill tone for people everywhere to enjoy.

Theatre Programme The Merchant of Venice Essay Example For Students

Theatre Programme The Merchant of Venice Essay The Merchant of Venice is a play which is made up of many different characters who each have an important role in the storyline. Some are more involved in the main plots than others, but they all provide the play with different effects. Shylock, Antonio, Portia and Bassanio are the main characters of the story and are the ones who make all the plots possible. Shylocks character is difficult to interpret as earlier in the play he was described as a comic character, but later on could be described as a evil villain. The reason for his change in interpretation is because the whole power of the play would be lost if Shylock is seen throughout the play as a comic character. Shylock is a successful tradesman who lends out money or known as a usurer. In medieval times, this type of job was seen as a sin and therefore making Shylock a sinner. The Christian community in Venice treated him very differently, but despite of their treatment towards him, he makes it clear that his relationship with Christians was strictly business. We will write a custom essay on Theatre Programme The Merchant of Venice specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now I will buy with you, sell with you, talk with you, walk with you, and so following, but I will not eat with you, drink with you, nor pray with you. This passage tells us that Shylock was willing to offer his profit-making services to Christians but was not prepared to socialise with them. The bond plot begins with Antonio becoming one of Shylocks customers of a loan. Shylock agreed to the three thousand ducats Antonio requested, but instead of charging interest he said if he could not pay him back he would have his bond, which was one pound of flesh from any part of Antonios body. Antonio agreed to such bond because he was confident of his ships returning with goods which will sell for lots of money, but Shylock had high doubts concerning the security of Antonios ships. Shylock thought his chances were high on fulfilling his vengeance against Antonio and make his suffer. Shylock said the following about Antonios ships. But ships are but boards, sailors but men; there be land rats, and water rats, water thieves and land thieves (I mean pirates), and then there is the peril of waters, the rocks; the man is notwithstanding, sufficient. Shylock wants this revenge on Antonio so much because Antonio had physically and verbally abused Shylock in the past. Shylock said this about Antonios treatment towards him: You call me misbeliever, cut-throat dog, and spit upon my Jewish gabardine. But after Shylock explains to Antonio how he treats him, Antonio does not regret abusing Shylock and takes matters further by saying: I am as like to call thee so again, to spit on thee again, to spurn thee too. This means Antonio feels no sorrow towards Shylock and will treat him as he wants. Even though Antonio is dependant on Shylock at his point, he still shows his disrespect to Shylocks religion which could result in Shylock not lending the money to him. Antonio is a wealthy merchant in Venice. Although he is the centre of the play, he is portrayed by Shakespeare as a very depressed and is not involved in the social atmosphere around Venice. In sooth, I know not why I am so sad; It wearies me; you say it wearies you; but how I caught it, found it, or came by it, what stuff it made of, whereof it is born, I am to learn The mystery of Antonios sadness remains unsolved, as he denies the sadness is related to his ships or a lost love. Early in the play the other side of Antonio is revealed. A cruel man is displayed with hatred towards the Jewish race, especially Shylock. During Antonios sad and unhappy times, his dear friend Bassanio is there to comfort and try solving his problems. Bassanio has helped him through many troubled times and as soon as Bassanio needs a favour returned, Antonio agrees without a doubt and this is how the bond plot begins. .u1a26fc9ac3818748304d2d7983470996 , .u1a26fc9ac3818748304d2d7983470996 .postImageUrl , .u1a26fc9ac3818748304d2d7983470996 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1a26fc9ac3818748304d2d7983470996 , .u1a26fc9ac3818748304d2d7983470996:hover , .u1a26fc9ac3818748304d2d7983470996:visited , .u1a26fc9ac3818748304d2d7983470996:active { border:0!important; } .u1a26fc9ac3818748304d2d7983470996 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1a26fc9ac3818748304d2d7983470996 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1a26fc9ac3818748304d2d7983470996:active , .u1a26fc9ac3818748304d2d7983470996:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1a26fc9ac3818748304d2d7983470996 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1a26fc9ac3818748304d2d7983470996 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1a26fc9ac3818748304d2d7983470996 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1a26fc9ac3818748304d2d7983470996 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1a26fc9ac3818748304d2d7983470996:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1a26fc9ac3818748304d2d7983470996 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1a26fc9ac3818748304d2d7983470996 .u1a26fc9ac3818748304d2d7983470996-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1a26fc9ac3818748304d2d7983470996:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Twelfth Night EssayPortia is known as the Golden Fleece that suitors from all over the world come to woo. Her beauty and intelligence attracts suitors into the casket story, but during this story she displays racism and prejudice towards the Prince of Morocco, even when he said: Mislike me not for my complexion. The way Portia reacts to the suitors influences the audiences opinion of them. When she picks on a fault of a suitor it is disliked by the audience and when she finds a pleasing point in a suitor the audience also shows interest in him. An example of Portias ability to manipulate the audience is during a conversation with Nerissa about one of the suitors, the County Palatine: He doth nothing but frown, as who should say, an you will not have me, choose. He hears merry tales and smiles not; I fear he will prove the weeping philosopher when he grows old, being so full of unmannerly sadness in his youth. I have rather be married to a deaths-head with a bone in his mouth, than to either of these. Bassanio is the closest friend to Antonio and their relationship is the finest throughout Venice. Antonios other friends know that if anyone could cheer Antonio up, that someone would be Bassanio. But because they did not want to make their jealousy obvious and trouble Antonio even more, they try to change their way of conversation and make it sound like a joke or sarcasm. Here comes Bassanio, your most noble kinsman, Gratiano, and Lorenzo. Fare ye well, we leave you now with better company. Salerio: I would have stayed will I had mad you merry, if wothier friends had not prevented me. Bassanio is determined to woo Portia and needs three thousand ducats to furnish his suit. When he eventually arrives to choose the casket of his dreams, he picks the correct casket and pleases Portia with his charms. Relationships are the most important aspects in Bassanios life, whether it is between his friends or with Portia. The Merchant Of Venice is concerned with two issues that were of importance in the Elizabethan time: Jewry and Usury. The Christian reaction and attitude towards Jews was hostile and that the execution of Rodrigo Lopez in 1594 was characteristic of the Christian rejection of al Jews. Jews were forced to convert to Christianity to live in England, once they did they were generally left alone. Usury was an important issue during Shakespeares time. Shylock is the typical picture of the usurer that most of the Elizabethans had and who is never accepted. He is proud of his race and his religion but he is against the Venetian society that shows no mercy to the outsider. I think William Shakespeare was not against Jews because he included a passage that made Christians and Jews feel alike, Shylock said: I am a Jew. Hath not a Jew eyes? Hath not a Jew hands, organs, dimensions, senses, affections, passions? Fed with the same food, hurt with the same weapons, subject to the same diseases, healed by the same means, warmed and cooled by the same winter and summer as a Christians is? If you prick us, do we not bleed? If you tickle us, do we not laugh? If you poison us, do we not die? In the 20th century we are more sensitive and conscious about political correctness. The issue of racism has further complicated Shylocks character and his role attracts greater sympathy. One of the most important passages in the play fights for equal rights and gives out a powerful effect to the readers. Shylock said: He hath disgraced me, and hindered me half a million laughed at my losses, mocked at my gains, scorned my nation, thwarted my bargains, cooled my friends, heated my enemies and whats his reason? I am a Jew. Hath not a Jew eyes? Hath not a Jew hands, organs, dimensions, senses, affections, passions? Fed with the same food, hurt with the same weapons, subject to the same diseases, healed by the same means, warmed and cooled by the same winter and summer as a Christians is? If you prick us, do we not bleed? If you tickle us, do we not laugh? If you poison us, do we not die? And if you wrong us, shall we not revenge? .uc50c29cc3772b170a62bf973305f2df2 , .uc50c29cc3772b170a62bf973305f2df2 .postImageUrl , .uc50c29cc3772b170a62bf973305f2df2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc50c29cc3772b170a62bf973305f2df2 , .uc50c29cc3772b170a62bf973305f2df2:hover , .uc50c29cc3772b170a62bf973305f2df2:visited , .uc50c29cc3772b170a62bf973305f2df2:active { border:0!important; } .uc50c29cc3772b170a62bf973305f2df2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc50c29cc3772b170a62bf973305f2df2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc50c29cc3772b170a62bf973305f2df2:active , .uc50c29cc3772b170a62bf973305f2df2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc50c29cc3772b170a62bf973305f2df2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc50c29cc3772b170a62bf973305f2df2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc50c29cc3772b170a62bf973305f2df2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc50c29cc3772b170a62bf973305f2df2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc50c29cc3772b170a62bf973305f2df2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc50c29cc3772b170a62bf973305f2df2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc50c29cc3772b170a62bf973305f2df2 .uc50c29cc3772b170a62bf973305f2df2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc50c29cc3772b170a62bf973305f2df2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How does Shakespeare create tension in Act 3 scene 1? EssayShakespeare added this passage to show us that he is not against any religion and that al the hatred in The Merchant Of Venice is just a storyline. But this passage is also telling us that shylock is not as sinful as we thought from the beginning of the play. Shylock reveals that he knows the suffering of racism and hatred between religion but yet he still dislikes Christians. He believes that Antonio has sinned upon him more him sinning upon Antonio, and when Shylock makes this speech he thinks that he will get his bond and finish their rivalry. The passage sends out such a powerful effect because of the structure, the words used and how the sentences are arranged. The first thing noticed about the passage is that the sentences are very short or are very slow due to the amount of commas. These short sentences or statements create a slower flow of reading and allow readers to think about the statements before proceeding to the next one. The words have been carefully selected by Shakespeare which summarises the events in life. Most of the words he uses, it creates a rhetorical question and allows readers even more time to think about the statements and reflect on how powerful this passage can be. At the time of the play, the Elizabethan times were still in the age of discovering the world. The Americas and West Indies were among the few best discoveries of the world as it provided spices, silk, and other precious things. These expensive imports were sold around Europe and created jobs as tradesman. Antonio was one of these tradesmen. He owned ships which would collect the items and allow him to sell. This job is not very secure as there is always some uncertainty of the condition of the ships as Antonio finds out later in the play. The Merchant of Venice on stage needed to show a balance between its two worlds of Venice and Belmont. Shakespeare stagecraft in the play already portrays detailed visions whilst reading, but watching the play on stage took the audiences imagination to a next level. His clever use of language changes between characters to suit their separate personalities and this would bring out the best or worst in a character. The style of language he mostly uses in the play is blank verses, which is poetry that does not rhyme, but also the rhythm of human speech used in the play is known as a iambic pentameter. As a member of the audience, the play was received and acted as a comedy but the triadic was not lost through Shylocks character. The scenes of drama were expressed by each character with lots of enthusiasm and they all felt as though they were the main character. The stage was like the entire world in a few paces for the actors and actresses, and in those few paces the whole importance of the play was captured and delivered to the audience. As a reader I think this play is another one of Shakespeare best along with Macbeth and Romeo And Juliet. This dramatic comedy is enjoyable because this is one of his plays which will make you think of how much has changed in the world. Racism and hatred between religion echoes around the Elizabethan society and is not much different from other everyday activity such as having an evening meal. This play has many comedy acts and will take the focus off the main plot for a bit to give readers a break from one large continuous storyline. There are also many dramatic scenes which make a exciting climax in the main plot. The Merchant Of Venice combines the important ingredients of a good comedy and a drama to create this play.

Definition and Examples of Singular They

Definition and Examples of Singular 'They' In  English grammar, singular they is the use of the pronoun they, them, or their to refer to a singular noun or to certain indefinite pronouns (such as anybody or everyone). Also called  epicene they and unisex they. Though strict prescriptive grammarians regard the singular they as a grammatical error, it has been in widespread use for several centuries. Singular they appears in the writings of Chaucer, Shakespeare, Austen, Woolf, and many other major English authors. In January 2016,  the American Dialect Society chose the gender-neutral singular they as its Word of the Year: They  was recognized by the society for its emerging use as a pronoun to refer to a known person, often as a conscious choice by a person rejecting the traditional gender binary of  he  and  she (American Dialect Society press release, January 8, 2016). Examples When a person talks too much, they learn little. (Duncan Hines, Lodging for a Night, 1938)If anybody wants their admission fee back, they can get it at the door. (Fiddlers Dram. Spooky South: Tales of Hauntings, Strange Happenings, and Other Local Lore, retold by S. E. Schlosser. Globe Pequot, 2004)She admired the fullness of the dirty net curtains, opened every drawer and cupboard, and, when she found the Gideons Bible, said, Somebodys left their book behind. (Sue Townsend, Adrian Mole and the Weapons of Mass Destruction. Lily Broadway Productions, 2004)She kept her head and kicked her shoes off, as everybody ought to do who falls into deep water in their clothes. (C.S. Lewis, Voyage of the Dawn-Treader, 1952)I know when I like a person directly I see them! (Virginia Woolf, The Voyage Out, 1915)A person cant help their birth, Rosalind replied with great liberality. (William Makepeace Thackeray, Vanity Fair, 1848) Singular They and Agreement Examples of semantically singular they are given in [52]: [52i] Nobody in their right mind would do a thing like that. [52ii] Everyone has told me they think I made the right decision. [53iii] We need a manager who is reasonably flexible in their approach. [52iv] In that case the husband or the wife will have to give up their seat on the board. Notice that this special interpretation of they doesnt affect verb agreement: we have they think (3rd plural) in [ii], not *they thinks (3rd singular). Nonetheless, they can be interpreted as if it were 3rd person singular, with human denotation and unspecified gender. (Rodney Huddleston and Geoffrey K. Pullum, A Students Introduction to English Grammar. Cambridge University Press, 2005) The Growing Acceptance of Singular They The general hesitancy of grammarians towards accepting singular they is not actually matched by many of their academic colleagues who have researched the usage and its distribution (e.g. Bodine 1075; Whitley 1978; Jochnowitz 1982; Abbot 1984; Wales 1984b). Nor indeed is it matched by the lay native speakers of standard English, who show an overwhelming preference for it in contemporary spoken English, non-formal written English and an ever-widening spread of non-formal written registers, from journalism to administration and academic writing. . . . Singular they, in fact, has been well established in informal usage for centuries; until prescriptive grammarians decreed it was grammatically incorrect, and so outlawed it, effectively, from (public) written discourse. The OED and Jespersen (1914) reveal, for example, that right from the time of the introduction of the indefinite pronouns into the language in their present form in the Late Middle English period, the option involving they has been in common use. (Katie Wales, Personal Pronouns in Present-Day English. Cambridge University Press, 1996) The Only Sensible Solution His or her is clumsy, especially upon repetition, and his is as inaccurate with respect to grammatical gender as they is to number. Invented alternatives never take hold. Singular they already exists; it has the advantage that most people already use it. If it is as old as Chaucer, whats new? The  Washington Post’s style editor, Bill Walsh, has called it the only sensible solution to the gap in English’s pronouns, changing his newspapers style book in 2015. But it was also the rise in the use of  they  as a pronoun for someone who does not want to use he or she. Facebook began already in 2014 allowing people to choose they as their preferred pronoun (Wish them a happy birthday!). Transgender stories, from The Danish Girl, a hit movie, to Caitlyn Jenner, an Olympic athlete who has become the world’s most famous trans woman, were big in 2015. But such people prefer their post-transition pronouns: he or she as desired. They is for a smaller minority who prefer neither. But the very idea of non-binary  language with regard to gender annoys and even angers many people. In other words, as transgender people gain acceptance, non-binary folks are the next frontier, like it or not. Who knew a thousand-year-old pronoun could be so controversial? (Prospero, Why 2015’s Word of the Year Is Rather Singular. The Economist, January 15, 2016) Origin of the Concept of the Gender-Neutral Masculine Pronoun [I]t was [Ann] Fisher [author of A New Grammar, 1745] who promoted the convention of using he, him and his as pronouns to cover both male and female in general statements such as Everyone has his quirks. To be precise, she says that The Masculine Person answers to the general Name, which comprehends both Male and Female; as, Any person who knows what he says. This idea caught on. . . The convention was bolstered by an Act of Parliament in 1850: in order to simplify the language used in other Acts, it was decreed that the masculine pronoun be understood to include both males and females. The obvious objection to thisobvious now, even if it was not obvious thenis that it makes women politically invisible. (Henry Hitchings, The Language Wars: A History of Proper English. Macmillan, 2011)

Plant Bugs, Family Miridae

Plant Bugs, Family Miridae As their name suggests, most plant bugs feed on plants. Spend a few minutes examining any plant in your garden, and theres a good chance youll find a plant bug on it. The family Miridae is the largest family in the entire order Hemiptera. Description In a group as large as the family Miridae, there is a lot of variation. Plant bugs range in size from a tiny 1.5 mm to a respectable 15 mm long, for example. Most measure within the 4-10 mm range. They vary quite a bit in color, too, with some sporting dull camouflage and others wearing bright aposematic shades. Still, as members of the same family, plant bugs share some common morphological traits: four-segmented antennae, four-segmented labium, three-segmented tarsi (in most species), and a lack of ocelli. The wings are a key defining characteristic of the Miridae. Not all plant bugs have fully formed wings as adults, but those that do have two pairs of wings that lie flat across the back and overlap at rest. Plant bugs have a wedge-shaped section (called the cuneus) at the end of the thick, leathery part of the forewings. Classification Kingdom – AnimaliaPhylum – ArthropodaClass – InsectaOrder –HemipteraFamily - Miridae Diet The majority of plant bugs feed on plants. Some  species specialize on eating a particular kind of plant, while others feed generally on a variety of host plants. Plant bugs tend to prefer eating the nitrogen-rich parts of the host plant – the seeds, pollen, buds, or emerging new leaves – rather than the vascular tissue. Some plant bugs prey on other plant-eating insects, and a few are scavengers. Predaceous plant bugs may specialize on a certain insect (a particular scale insect, for example). Life Cycle Like all true bugs, plant bugs undergo simple metamorphosis with just three life stages: egg, nymph, and adult. Mirid eggs are often white or cream-colored, and generally long and thin in shape. In most species, the female plant bug inserts the egg into the stem or leaf of the host plant (usually singly but sometimes in small clusters). The plant bug nymph looks similar to the adult, although it lacks functional wings and reproductive structures. Special Adaptations and Defenses Some plant bugs exhibit myrmecomorphy, a resemblance to ants that may help them avoid predation. In these groups, the Mirid has a notably rounded head, well distinguished from the narrow pronotum, and the forewings are constricted at the base to mimic an ants narrow waist. Range and Distribution The family Miridae already numbers well over 10,000 species worldwide, but thousands more may still be undescribed or undiscovered. Nearly 2,000 known species inhabit North America alone. Sources: Borror and DeLongs Introduction to the Study of Insects,  7th edition, by Charles A. Triplehorn and Norman F. Johnson.Encyclopedia of Entomology,  2nd edition, edited by John L. Capinera.Biology of the Plant Bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae):  Pests, Predators, Opportunists, by Alfred G. Wheeler and Sir Richard E. Southwood.Family Miridae, Plant Bugs, Bugguide.net, accessed December 2, 2013.

Project Papers ( Business Plan ) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Project Papers ( Business Plan ) - Essay Example Location is crucial to the success of any restaurant businesses. The location should always be accessible to customers. Therefore, prior to signing a business contract with a prospective establishment, it is important to determine the traffic of people passing by the area during day and night time. Is the venue crowded with people during weekdays and weekends? The rent expense should also be considered since a lot of restaurant businesses close down because of this factor. Rent expense is a fixed operating expense. Therefore, regardless whether the restaurant is earning good profit or not, the business owner still needs to pay the rent expense. For this reason, it is important to carefully select a venue that offers the lowest cost of rent with a huge number of people passing by the area for leisure purposes. The food preparation area is composed of ‘food bar’ and ‘spice bar.’ The food bar is where the customers could select a wide variety of fresh food items such as: vegetables, meat, noodles, etc. The spice bar offers a wide selection of sauce, oil and spices. As soon as the customers have gotten their bowl of selected food items, the customers need to wait for another line before they reach the cooking station. When the restaurant is full of customers, time wasted on lining up from the two-food preparation table and cooking station could result to wasted time and loss of business opportunity. Therefore, the restaurant manager should consider a strategic way to enhance the smooth flow of this process. Perhaps playing a fast-tempo music could enable the customers to finish their meal the shortest time possible. (Milliman, 1982) The number of manpower will depend on the size of the restaurant. Normally, the kitchen staff should have at least 2 cooks, 2 – 3 dishwashers, 1 assigned to refill the food and sauce bar. The

Free Movement of Goods Article 34 and 36 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Free Movement of Goods Article 34 and 36 - Essay Example The aspect of measures can also include the inaction of a State to stop private individuals’ acts, which prevent the free movement of goods (The College of Law 2012, p200). The ECJ described the expression of quantitative restriction as measures that amount to partial or total restraint of, based on the circumstances, exports, imports or goods in transit. There are two laws that apply in this category but in this case, the most applicable law is the outright ban enforced by a Member State (Spain) on imports from another Member State (The College of Law 2012, p201). Free Pork Ltd plans to begin selling its products in Spain have been hampered by the law that requires the sale of sausages produced from humanely reared pigs to be checked by Spanish Sausage Checkers (SSC). If the sausages are not checked by SSC, the law prohibits its sales in Spain. However, the process of verifying whether the sausages have those conditions is usually lengthy. Therefore, Free Pork can challenge t his Spanish law. There is also a law that requires the name of the company not to use words that imply health or fitness. Free Pork can also challenge this law because it restricts the importation of goods and can affect the brand image of the company. The SSC is a form of a licencing system, which according to the articles, subjects the import of merchandises to the condition of getting an import licence. Even in situations where the application for an import licence is regarded a mere formality; it is a Quantitative Restriction. This is because is simply a mechanism in which imports can be restricted. In practice, it is very rare for the Member States laws to result to quantitative restrictions. The ban on exports or imports between Member States is only found in unusual circumstances (The College of Law 2012, p201). Therefore, failure by Free Pork Ltd to meet the conditions set by the Spanish laws is an outright ban on exporting sausages to this Member State. As stated earlier, t he ban only happens in unusual circumstances, and thus, Free Pork can challenge the law because an unusual circumstance lacks, which prohibits it from exporting the goods to Spain. The directive was important in developing a brief wording of the Article 34 TFEU (Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union) and it continues to offer guidance on the measures that can constitute a breach of Article 34 TFEU prohibitions. Article 2(1) of the directive describes a class of measures (for instance, national laws) that treat imported goods and domestic goods differently. They are commonly referred to as distinctly applicable measures. Article 3 of the directive describes a class of national laws that apply equally to imported and domestic products. These laws have a restrictive impact and they are commonly referred to as indistinctly applicable (The College of Law 2012, p202). Therefore, the directive classifies both indistinctly and distinctly applicable measures as measures that have a n impact equivalent to restrictions on imports. From the statement, it can be stated that a national law can become MEQR (Measures having Equivalent effect to a Quantitative Restriction) regardless of whether it â€Å"discriminates against imported products or appears to treat them in the same way as domestic products but is in